眾所周(zhou)知，綜合布(bu)線是一項比較復雜繁瑣的(de)工作，所以在布(bu)線中我(wo)們(men)一定要做到(dao)細心(xin)有規劃(hua)性(xing)。隨(sui)著(zhu)科技的(de)進(jin)步，人們(men)生活水平的(de)提高，家(jia)庭生活的(de)智能化正不(bu)斷(duan)得提高，所以我(wo)們(men)在弱電線路預設更加不(bu)容忽視。華利機電和大家(jia)談(tan)一下綜合布(bu)線弱電線纜在布(bu)線要求。
一(yi)、布(bu)線前的準(zhun)備(bei)
通常(chang)網絡(luo)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)經過(guo)調研，確定(ding)方案后，下一步就是(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)實(shi)施(shi)，而工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施(shi)的(de)第一步就是(shi)開工(gong)前的(de)準備工(gong)作：
(1)、設計綜合布線實際施工圖(tu)，確定布線的(de)走向(xiang)位置，需要(yao)考慮諸如：隱蔽性，對建筑物破(po)壞(建筑 結構特點)，在利用(yong)現有空間(jian)同時避開(kai)電源線路(lu)和其他線路(lu)，現場情況(kuang)下的(de)對線纜等(deng)的(de)必要(yao)和有效的(de)保護需求，施工的(de)工作量和可行性(如打過墻眼等(deng))等(deng)等(deng)，然(ran)后 將這(zhe)個圖(tu)紙(zhi)提供(gong)給施工人員、督導(dao)人員和主管(guan)人員使用(yong);
(2)、規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設計(ji)和(he)(he)預算(suan)(suan)，根據上(shang)述情(qing)況確(que)定(ding)路由并申請批準，如需(xu)要在(zai)承重梁上(shang)打過墻眼時(shi)需(xu)要進行(xing)向(xiang) 管理部(bu)門申請，否則違反施(shi)工(gong)(gong)法(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)等，整個規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)及(ji)破壞程度(du)說明最(zui)好經甲(jia)方(fang)及(ji)管理部(bu)門批準;其(qi)次(ci)是修正規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)。在(zai)正式的(de)(de)有最(zui)終許可(ke)(ke)手續的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)基礎上(shang)，計(ji)算(suan)(suan)用(yong)料和(he)(he) 用(yong)工(gong)(gong)，綜合考(kao)慮設計(ji)實(shi)施(shi)中的(de)(de)管理操作(zuo)等的(de)(de)費用(yong)提(ti)出(chu)預算(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)期以及(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)和(he)(he)安排(pai)。實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案(an)中需(xu)要考(kao)慮用(yong)戶方(fang)的(de)(de)配(pei)合程度(du)。實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案(an)需(xu)要與(yu)用(yong)戶方(fang)協商認可(ke)(ke)簽 字，并指定(ding)協調負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人員(yuan)指定(ding)工(gong)(gong)程負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)理人員(yuan)，負(fu)(fu)責(ze)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)備料，備工(gong)(gong)，用(yong)戶方(fang)配(pei)合要求等方(fang)面事宜，提(ti)出(chu)各部(bu)門配(pei)合的(de)(de)時(shi)間表(biao)，負(fu)(fu)責(ze)內外協調和(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織 和(he)(he)管理現(xian)場(chang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)認證(zheng)測試，制作(zuo)測試報(bao)告制作(zuo)布線(xian)標記系統(tong)。
(3)、網絡工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中需要許(xu)多施(shi)(shi)工(gong)材料，這些材料有(you)的(de)必須在開(kai)工(gong)前就(jiu)(jiu)備(bei)好(hao)料，有(you)的(de)可(ke)以在開(kai)工(gong) 過程(cheng)中備(bei)料，主要有(you)光纜、雙(shuang)絞(jiao)線(xian)、插座、信息模塊、服(fu)務器(qi)(qi)、穩壓電源、集線(xian)器(qi)(qi)等落實購(gou)貨廠商(shang)，并確定(ding)提貨日期，不同規格的(de)塑料槽(cao)板、PVC防火管、蛇(she)皮(pi) 管、自攻螺絲等布線(xian)用(yong)料就(jiu)(jiu)位，如果集線(xian)器(qi)(qi)是集中供電，則準備(bei)好(hao)導線(xian)、鐵管和制訂好(hao)電器(qi)(qi)設備(bei)安全措施(shi)(shi)，制定(ding)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)進度表。
二、施工進行中要(yao)求
網絡綜合(he)布線(xian)工(gong)程(cheng)實施(shi)設(she)計(ji)對布線(xian)的(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)起著決定(ding)性的(de)作用，工(gong)程(cheng)實施(shi)的(de)設(she)計(ji)機(ji)構應(ying)慎之又慎。
(1)、在實(shi)(shi)施設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)時首先應注意符(fu)合(he)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)標(biao)準。結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)化(hua)(hua)布(bu)線的(de)實(shi)(shi)施設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)不僅(jin)要做到設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)嚴謹，滿(man)足(zu)用(yong) 戶(hu)使(shi)用(yong)要求，還要使(shi)其(qi)造(zao)價合(he)理，符(fu)合(he)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)標(biao)準。國(guo)際和(he)國(guo)內對(dui)(dui)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)化(hua)(hua)布(bu)線有著嚴格的(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)和(he)一系(xi)列規(gui)(gui)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)標(biao)準，這(zhe)些標(biao)準對(dui)(dui)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)化(hua)(hua)布(bu)線系(xi)統的(de)各個環節都做了(le)明 確的(de)定(ding)義，規(gui)(gui)定(ding)了(le)其(qi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)要求和(he)技(ji)術指標(biao)。
(2)、根據(ju)實際情(qing)況設計。首先要(yao)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實施的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)進(jin)行充分(fen)地(di)調查研究，收集該建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong) 程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、裝修工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和其他有關(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖紙資(zi)(zi)料，并充分(fen)考(kao)慮用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設投資(zi)(zi)預算(suan)要(yao)求、應(ying)用(yong)需(xu)求及施工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)要(yao)求等各方面因素。如果建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)尚在(zai)籌建(jian)之中就確定了結(jie)構(gou)化(hua)(hua) 布線(xian)方案(an)，則可以根據(ju)建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整體布局、走(zou)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求向建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計機構(gou)提出有關(guan)結(jie)構(gou)化(hua)(hua)布線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特定要(yao)求，以便在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時將一些布線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前期工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完成。如果是 在(zai)原(yuan)有建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上與(yu)室(shi)內裝修工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同步實施的(de)(de)(de)(de)布線(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，則必須根據(ju)原(yuan)有建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況、裝修工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計和實際勘查結(jie)果進(jin)行布線(xian)實施設計。
(3)、要注意選材和布(bu)局(ju)。布(bu)線(xian)實(shi)施(shi)設(she)(she)計中(zhong)的(de)選材用料和布(bu)局(ju)安(an)排對(dui)建設(she)(she)成本有(you)直接的(de)影響。在設(she)(she)計 中(zhong)，應根(gen)據(ju)網(wang)絡建設(she)(she)機(ji)構的(de)需(xu)求，選擇合(he)適類型的(de)布(bu)線(xian)線(xian)纜和接插(cha)件，所選布(bu)線(xian)材料等級(ji)的(de)不同對(dui)總體方案技術(shu)指標的(de)影響很大(da)。布(bu)局(ju)安(an)排的(de)設(she)(she)計除(chu)了對(dui)建設(she)(she)成本有(you) 直接的(de)影響外，還關系到(dao)網(wang)絡布(bu)線(xian)是否合(he)理(li)，對(dui)于一座多層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)建筑物來說，安(an)裝(zhuang)整個建筑物網(wang)絡主干交換機(ji)的(de)信息中(zhong)心(xin)網(wang)絡機(ji)房，最好設(she)(she)置(zhi)在建筑物的(de)中(zhong)部(bu)樓(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，如果(guo) 各個樓(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設(she)(she)置(zhi)配線(xian)間，最好設(she)(she)置(zhi)在樓(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)中(zhong)段，這樣設(she)(she)計不但可(ke)(ke)以盡量縮(suo)短垂(chui)直和水(shui)平主干子系統的(de)布(bu)線(xian)長度，節約材料，降低成本，還可(ke)(ke)以減(jian)少不必要的(de)信道(dao)傳輸(shu) 距離，有(you)利通信質量的(de)提高。
(4)、還(huan)需要(yao)(yao)注意的(de)(de)還(huan)有施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場督導人員要(yao)(yao)認真負責，及時處(chu)理(li)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進程(cheng)(cheng)中出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)各種情(qing)況，協調(diao)處(chu) 理(li)各方意見;如果現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)碰到不可(ke)預見的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，應(ying)及時向工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)匯報，并提出(chu)解(jie)決辦法供工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)當場研究解(jie)決，以(yi)免影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進度(du);對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)計劃不周的(de)(de)問(wen) 題(ti)，要(yao)(yao)及時妥善解(jie)決;對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)新增加的(de)(de)點要(yao)(yao)及時在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖中反映出(chu)來;對(dui)(dui)部分(fen)場地或工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)段(duan)要(yao)(yao)及時進行階段(duan)檢查驗收，確(que)保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量;最好制(zhi)訂出(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進度(du)表(biao)，但 在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)訂工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進度(du)表(biao)時，要(yao)(yao)留有余地，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)考慮其他(ta)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時可(ke)能對(dui)(dui)本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)帶來的(de)(de)影響，避免出(chu)現(xian)不能按時完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、交工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，因此，建議使用督導指派任(ren)務表(biao)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong) 作間施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表(biao)。
(5)、集中(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)：隨著網絡(luo)和信息時(shi)代的到來，一個(ge)家庭(ting)安裝(zhuang)兩部電話或多機上網，以是很平(ping)常(chang)的事(shi)。為保證各種線(xian)(xian)的對接(jie)質量，且方便(bian)維(wei)修(xiu)，最好為家中(zhong)的電話線(xian)(xian)和網絡(luo)線(xian)(xian)設計一個(ge)集中(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)單元。
可(ke)以(yi)根(gen)據網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)線(xian)進(jin)(jin)室的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)選擇門廳、過道、書房(fang)上方等某個(ge)地方，設計一個(ge)小線(xian)盒(he)(形狀(zhuang)如電(dian)源分(fen)線(xian)盒(he))，將所有外部(bu)進(jin)(jin)戶的(de)(de)電(dian)話(hua)線(xian)、網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)線(xian)、有線(xian)電(dian)視(shi)線(xian)線(xian)到(dao)達這個(ge)線(xian)盒(he)，同時家中每個(ge)房(fang)間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)話(hua)插孔、網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)插孔、有線(xian)電(dian)視(shi)插孔的(de)(de)線(xian)也必須到(dao)達這個(ge)線(xian)盒(he)，可(ke)以(yi)根(gen)據家庭需要在線(xian)盒(he)內進(jin)(jin)行連(lian)線(xian)。
(6)、布(bu)線(xian)時要(yao)(yao)預留(liu)(liu)足夠(gou)插孔：考(kao)慮(lv)到家(jia)庭生(sheng)(sheng)活的發(fa)展和(he)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)，一(yi)般客廳、每個(ge)臥室都要(yao)(yao)預留(liu)(liu)埋(mai)設電(dian)話線(xian)、網絡(luo)線(xian)、有線(xian)電(dian)視線(xian)插孔各1~2個(ge)，并且要(yao)(yao)分(fen)布(bu)在不同墻(qiang)面，以(yi)便于電(dian)器(qi)擺設位置(zhi)的變化。衛生(sheng)(sheng)間、廚房也可(ke)根據需(xu)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)是否預留(liu)(liu)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)話插孔，餐(can)廳也可(ke)考(kao)慮(lv)是否預留(liu)(liu)一(yi)個(ge)預先電(dian)視線(xian)插孔，以(yi)備就餐(can)時看電(dian)視用。
(7)、弱電(dian)線(xian)纜(lan)避開(kai)(kai)強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)線(xian)：弱電(dian)信(xin)號屬低壓電(dian)信(xin)號，抗干擾性能(neng)較(jiao)差，所以弱電(dian)線(xian)地(di)走線(xian)應(ying)該避開(kai)(kai)強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)線(xian)(電(dian)源(yuan)線(xian))。國家標(biao)準規定(ding)，電(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)及插(cha)座與(yu)電(dian)視線(xian)及插(cha)座的水平間距不應(ying)小(xiao)于50厘米(mi)。
(8)、弱電(dian)線(xian)纜注意防潮(chao)(chao)：插座下邊線(xian)以距地(di)面30厘米左右為(wei)宜。一般來說，這些(xie)弱電(dian)線(xian)常常在房頂或地(di)板下布線(xian)，所以為(wei)了防潮(chao)(chao)和(he)更換方便，這些(xie)線(xian)的(de)外面都要加上(shang)牢(lao)固(gu)的(de)套(tao)管，并(bing)在加上(shang)套(tao)管前檢查線(xian)是否有斷(duan)路或短路。
三、施工完畢(bi)后整理：
(1)、在工程(cheng)施工結束時(shi)，還應該注(zhu)意清理(li)現場，保持現場清潔、美觀;
(2)、對墻(qiang)洞(dong)、豎井等交接處(chu)要進行(xing)修 補;各種(zhong)剩(sheng)余材料(liao)匯(hui)總，并把剩(sheng)余材料(liao)集(ji)中放置一(yi)處(chu)，并登記其還可使(shi)用(yong)的數量;
(3)、并做(zuo)好總結材(cai)料(liao)：開工報告;
(4)、布線工(gong)程(cheng)圖(tu);施工(gong)過程(cheng)報告(gao);測試(shi)報告(gao);使用報告(gao)和 工(gong)程(cheng)驗收(shou)所需的驗收(shou)報告(gao)。
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